SEEDS No. 22, by Ayse Yonder with Sengul Akcar and Prema Gopalan, and published by the Population Council. The past three decades of disaster relief and reconstruction efforts bear evidence that the poor are the most vulnerable and the most severely harmed by such events. Yet too little attention has been given to the gender-differentiated effects of natural disasters, that is, women's losses relative to men's, how women's work time and conditions change (both in terms of care-giving and income-generating work), or how disaster-related aid and entitlement programs include or marginalize affected women. Similarly, few practical examples can be found showing how affected low-income women can participate in postdisaster relief and recovery and secure decent housing, livelihoods, and the restoration of basic services for themselves and for their families. The detailed case studies from three earthquake-stricken areas in India and Turkey that are contained in this SEEDS pamphlet help fill this information gap. They provide examples of how low-income women who have lost everything can form groups and become active participants in the relief and recovery process. Readers learn how women became involved in housing, created businesses, mobilized funds, and provided crucial community services. The pamphlet also examines the roles that NGOs and government policy and procedures play in facilitating (or impeding) women's involvement.